QUESTIONS
1)HOW DID ERP HELP IMPROVE BUSINESS OPERATIONS AT SHELL?
*ERP SYSTEM HAS HELPED THE COMPANY IMMENSELY IN TERMS OF REDUCING AND STREAMLING THE HIGHLY MANUAL PROCESS OF THIRD-PARTY CONTRSCTORS SUBMITTING REPAIR INFORMATION AND INVOICES.
2)HOW COULD EXTENDED ERP COMPONENTS HELP IMPROVE BUSINESS OPERATIONS AT SHELL?
*ERP SYSTEM,CONTRACTORS HAD TO SEND SHELL CANADA MONTLY SUMMARIZED INVOICES THAT LISTED MAINTENANCE CALLS THE CONTRACTORS MADE AT VARIOUS SHELL GAS ONLINE STATIONS.
3)WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE SHELL IF IT DECIDED TO CHOOSE A DIFFERENT ERP SOFTWARE SOLUTION?
*SHELL NOT NEED TO CHOOSE A DIFFERENT ERP SOFTWARE,IT IS BECAUSE ERP IS A GOOD IN ORGANIZATION.ERP SYSTEMS IS A DATABASE,WHEN A USER ENTERS OR UPDATES INFORMATION IN ONE MODULES,IT IS IMMESIATELY AND AUTOMATICALLY UPDATED THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE SYSTEM.
4)HOW CAN INTEGRATING SCM,CRM, AND ERP HELP IMPROVE BUSINESS OPERATIONS AT SHELL?
*SCM,CRM AND ERP ARE THE BACKBONE OF E-BUSINESS.THIS ITEM VERY IMPORTANT IN OPERATIONS AT SHELL BECAUSE FROM THIS SHELL CAN IMPROVE THEIR ORGANIZATION FOR MORE GOOD IN INDUSRTY AND MORE SUCCESS.INTEGRATION OF THESE APPLICATIONS IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS FOR MANY COMPANIES.INTEGRATIONS ALLOWS THE UNLOCKING OF INFORMATION TO MAKE IT AVAILABLE TO ANY USER,ANYWHERE,ANYTIME.
Jumaat, 1 Mac 2013
Khamis, 21 Februari 2013
CHAPTER 10:EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION-SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1)LIST AND DESRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN.
SUPPLIER'S SUPPLIER ==> SUPPLIER ==> MANUFACTURER ==> DISTRIBUTOR ==> RETAILER ==> CUSTOMER ==> CUSTOMER'S CUSTOMER
2)DEFINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECISION MAKING AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) INVOLVES THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION FLOWS BETWEEN AND AMONG STAGES IN A STAGES IN A SUPPLY CHAIN TO MAXIMIZE TOTAL SUPPLY CHAIN EFFECTIVENESS AND PROFITABILITY.WITHOUT SCM,DECISON MAKING CANNOT BE MADE.IT IS BECAUSE SCM HAVE A MAIN ROLES IN DECISION .MORE INFORMATION BEFORE DO THE DECISION MAKING MUST DEPENDS ON SCM.
3)DESCRIBE THE FOUR CHANGES RESULTING FROM ADVANCES IN IT THAT ARE DRIVING SUPPLY CHAINS.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S PRIMARY ROLE IN SCM IS CREATING THE INTEGRATIONS OR TIGHTR PROCESS AND INFORMATION LINKAGES BETWEEN FUNCTIONS WITHIN A FIRM SUCH AS MARKETING,SALES AND FINANCE.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATES PLANNING,DECION MAKING PROCESSES,BUSINESS OPERATING PROCESSES AND INFORMATION SHARING FOR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT.
4)SUMMARIZE THE BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING A SUCCESSFUL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
-MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIER, BE SURE SUPPLY ARE ON BOARD WITH THE BENEFITS THAT THE SCM SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE.
-WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES,IF THE ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT CONVINCE PEOPLE THAT USING THAT USING SOFTWARE WILL BE WORTH THEIR TIME,THEY WILL EASILY FIND WAYS TO WORK AROUND IT,WHICH WILL QUICKLY DECREASE THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS FOR THE SCM SYSTEM.
-ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS,IF THE ORAGNIZATIONAL GOALS SUPPORTS HIGHLY EFFICIENT STRATEGIES, BE SURE THE SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN HAS THE SAME GOALS.
-DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASES AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE SUCCESS,A BIG PICTURE PERSPECTIVE IS VITAL TO SCM SUCCESS,TEH INCREMENTAL APPROACH MEANS THE SCM SYSTEM SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN DIGESTIBLE BITES,AND ALSO MEASURED FOR SUCCESS ONE STEP AT A TIME.
-BE FUTIRED ORIENTED,THE KEY IS TO BE CERTAIN THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MET FUTURE NEEDS,NOT ONLY CURRENT NEEDS.
1)LIST AND DESRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN.
SUPPLIER'S SUPPLIER ==> SUPPLIER ==> MANUFACTURER ==> DISTRIBUTOR ==> RETAILER ==> CUSTOMER ==> CUSTOMER'S CUSTOMER
2)DEFINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECISION MAKING AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) INVOLVES THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION FLOWS BETWEEN AND AMONG STAGES IN A STAGES IN A SUPPLY CHAIN TO MAXIMIZE TOTAL SUPPLY CHAIN EFFECTIVENESS AND PROFITABILITY.WITHOUT SCM,DECISON MAKING CANNOT BE MADE.IT IS BECAUSE SCM HAVE A MAIN ROLES IN DECISION .MORE INFORMATION BEFORE DO THE DECISION MAKING MUST DEPENDS ON SCM.
3)DESCRIBE THE FOUR CHANGES RESULTING FROM ADVANCES IN IT THAT ARE DRIVING SUPPLY CHAINS.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S PRIMARY ROLE IN SCM IS CREATING THE INTEGRATIONS OR TIGHTR PROCESS AND INFORMATION LINKAGES BETWEEN FUNCTIONS WITHIN A FIRM SUCH AS MARKETING,SALES AND FINANCE.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATES PLANNING,DECION MAKING PROCESSES,BUSINESS OPERATING PROCESSES AND INFORMATION SHARING FOR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT.
4)SUMMARIZE THE BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING A SUCCESSFUL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
-MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIER, BE SURE SUPPLY ARE ON BOARD WITH THE BENEFITS THAT THE SCM SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE.
-WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES,IF THE ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT CONVINCE PEOPLE THAT USING THAT USING SOFTWARE WILL BE WORTH THEIR TIME,THEY WILL EASILY FIND WAYS TO WORK AROUND IT,WHICH WILL QUICKLY DECREASE THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS FOR THE SCM SYSTEM.
-ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS,IF THE ORAGNIZATIONAL GOALS SUPPORTS HIGHLY EFFICIENT STRATEGIES, BE SURE THE SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN HAS THE SAME GOALS.
-DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASES AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE SUCCESS,A BIG PICTURE PERSPECTIVE IS VITAL TO SCM SUCCESS,TEH INCREMENTAL APPROACH MEANS THE SCM SYSTEM SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN DIGESTIBLE BITES,AND ALSO MEASURED FOR SUCCESS ONE STEP AT A TIME.
-BE FUTIRED ORIENTED,THE KEY IS TO BE CERTAIN THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MET FUTURE NEEDS,NOT ONLY CURRENT NEEDS.
Ahad, 17 Februari 2013
CHAPTER 11:BUILDING A CUSTOMER-CENTRIC ORGANIZATION-CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
OPENING CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1)WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR ANY COMPANY TO USE CRM STRATEGIES TO MANAGE CUSTOMER INFORMATION?
-PROVIDE BETTER CUSTOMER SERVICE
-MAKE CALL CENTERS MORE EFFICIENT
-CROSS SELL PRODUCTS MORE EFFECTIVELY
-HELP SALES STAFF CLOSE DEALS FASTER
2)IF THE VIRTUAL WORLD IS THE FIRST POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN A COMPANY AND ITS CUSTOMERS, HOW MIGHT THAT TRANSFORM THE ENTIRE SHOPPING EXPERIENCE?
-EASY TO BUY ANYTHING AND DO TRANSACTION OF PURCHASING
-FASTER, NOT WASTE TIME AND SAVE ENERGY
-EASY TO GET GOODS
-SPEND MONEY
1)WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR ANY COMPANY TO USE CRM STRATEGIES TO MANAGE CUSTOMER INFORMATION?
-PROVIDE BETTER CUSTOMER SERVICE
-MAKE CALL CENTERS MORE EFFICIENT
-CROSS SELL PRODUCTS MORE EFFECTIVELY
-HELP SALES STAFF CLOSE DEALS FASTER
2)IF THE VIRTUAL WORLD IS THE FIRST POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN A COMPANY AND ITS CUSTOMERS, HOW MIGHT THAT TRANSFORM THE ENTIRE SHOPPING EXPERIENCE?
-EASY TO BUY ANYTHING AND DO TRANSACTION OF PURCHASING
-FASTER, NOT WASTE TIME AND SAVE ENERGY
-EASY TO GET GOODS
-SPEND MONEY
Ahad, 3 Februari 2013
CHAPTER 9:ENABLING THE ORGANIZATION-DECISION MAKIING
EXAMPLE OF EXPERT SYSTEM
An example of the application of expert systems in the financial field is expert system for mortgages.. Loan departments are interested in expert systems for mortgages because of the growing cost of labour, which makes the handling and acceptance of relatively small loans less profitable. They also see a possibility for standardized, efficient handling of mortgages loan by applying expert systems, appreciating that for the acceptance of mortgages there are hard and fast rules which do not always exist with other types of loans.
Example OF NEURAL NETWORKS: Real Estate Appraisal
Consider a real estate appraiser whose job is to predict the sale price of residential houses. As with the Bank Loans example, the input pattern consists of a group of numbers. (For example: number of bedrooms, number of stories, floor area, age of construction, neighborhood prices, size of lot, distance to schools, etc.). This problem is similar to the Bank Loans example, because it has many non-linearities, and is subject to millions of possible inputs patterns. The difference here is that the output prediction will consist of a calculated value -- the selling price of the house.
It is possible to train the neural network to simulate the opinion of an expert appraiser, or to predict the actual selling price.
EXAMPLE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Genetic Algorithms -An artificial intelligent system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.It essentially an optimizing system, it finds the combination of inputs that give the best outputs.Useful when search space very large or too complex for analytic treatment.In each iteration (generation) possible solutions or individuals represented as strings of numbers.
EXAMPLE OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS
Intelligent
Agents - is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon
an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving
goals . Intelligent agents may also learn or use knowledge to
achieve their goals. They may be very simple or very
complex, a reflex machine such
as a thermostat is an intelligent agent, as is a human being, as is a
community of human beings working together towards a goal.
An example of the application of expert systems in the financial field is expert system for mortgages.. Loan departments are interested in expert systems for mortgages because of the growing cost of labour, which makes the handling and acceptance of relatively small loans less profitable. They also see a possibility for standardized, efficient handling of mortgages loan by applying expert systems, appreciating that for the acceptance of mortgages there are hard and fast rules which do not always exist with other types of loans.
EXAMPLE OF NEURAL NETWORKS
Example OF NEURAL NETWORKS: Real Estate Appraisal
Consider a real estate appraiser whose job is to predict the sale price of residential houses. As with the Bank Loans example, the input pattern consists of a group of numbers. (For example: number of bedrooms, number of stories, floor area, age of construction, neighborhood prices, size of lot, distance to schools, etc.). This problem is similar to the Bank Loans example, because it has many non-linearities, and is subject to millions of possible inputs patterns. The difference here is that the output prediction will consist of a calculated value -- the selling price of the house.
It is possible to train the neural network to simulate the opinion of an expert appraiser, or to predict the actual selling price.
Genetic Algorithms -An artificial intelligent system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.It essentially an optimizing system, it finds the combination of inputs that give the best outputs.Useful when search space very large or too complex for analytic treatment.In each iteration (generation) possible solutions or individuals represented as strings of numbers.
EXAMPLE OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS
 |
Sabtu, 26 Januari 2013
chapter 8: ACCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION-DATA WAREHOUSE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1)DESCRIBE THE ROLES AND PURPOSES OF DATA WAREHOUSE AND DATA MARTS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL.
-DATA WAREHOUSE IS A LOGICAL COLLECTION OF INFORMATION TO GATHERED FROM MANY DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL DATABASES THAT SUPPORTS BUSINESS ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES AND DECISION MAKING TASKS.
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF DATA WAREHOUSE IS TO AGGREAGATE INFORMATION THROUGHOUT INTO A SINGLE REPOSITORY FOR DECISION-MAKING PURPOSES.
-DATA MARTS CONTAINS A SUBSET OF DATA WAREHOUSE INFORMATION.
2)COMPARE THE MULTIMEDIMENSIONAL NATURE OF DATA WAREHOUSE (AND DATA MARTS) WITH THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF DATABASES.
-Databases contain information in a series of two-dimensional tables, which means that you can only ever view two dimensions of information at one time. In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of columns and rows. Each layer in a data warehouse or data mart represents information according to an additional dimension. Dimensions could include such things as products, promotions, stores, category, region, stock price, date, time, and even the weather.The ability to look at information from different dimensions can add tremendous business insight.
3)IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF ENSURING THE CLEANLINESS OF INFORMATION THROUGHOUT AN ORGANIZATION.
-An organization must maintain high-quality information in the data warehouse.Information cleansing and scrubbing is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.Without high-quality information the organization will be unable to make good business decisions.
4)EXPLAIN THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND A DATA WAREHOUSE.
-DATA WAREHOUSE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF DATA WAREHOUSE IS TO AGGREAGATE INFORMATION THROUGHOUT INTO A SINGLE REPOSITORY FOR DECISION-MAKING PURPOSES.
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IS A IONFORMATION THAT PEOPLE USE TO SUPPORT THEIR DECISION-MAKING EFFORTS.
1)DESCRIBE THE ROLES AND PURPOSES OF DATA WAREHOUSE AND DATA MARTS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL.
-DATA WAREHOUSE IS A LOGICAL COLLECTION OF INFORMATION TO GATHERED FROM MANY DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL DATABASES THAT SUPPORTS BUSINESS ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES AND DECISION MAKING TASKS.
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF DATA WAREHOUSE IS TO AGGREAGATE INFORMATION THROUGHOUT INTO A SINGLE REPOSITORY FOR DECISION-MAKING PURPOSES.
-DATA MARTS CONTAINS A SUBSET OF DATA WAREHOUSE INFORMATION.
2)COMPARE THE MULTIMEDIMENSIONAL NATURE OF DATA WAREHOUSE (AND DATA MARTS) WITH THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF DATABASES.
-Databases contain information in a series of two-dimensional tables, which means that you can only ever view two dimensions of information at one time. In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of columns and rows. Each layer in a data warehouse or data mart represents information according to an additional dimension. Dimensions could include such things as products, promotions, stores, category, region, stock price, date, time, and even the weather.The ability to look at information from different dimensions can add tremendous business insight.
3)IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF ENSURING THE CLEANLINESS OF INFORMATION THROUGHOUT AN ORGANIZATION.
-An organization must maintain high-quality information in the data warehouse.Information cleansing and scrubbing is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.Without high-quality information the organization will be unable to make good business decisions.
4)EXPLAIN THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND A DATA WAREHOUSE.
-DATA WAREHOUSE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF DATA WAREHOUSE IS TO AGGREAGATE INFORMATION THROUGHOUT INTO A SINGLE REPOSITORY FOR DECISION-MAKING PURPOSES.
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IS A IONFORMATION THAT PEOPLE USE TO SUPPORT THEIR DECISION-MAKING EFFORTS.
Jumaat, 25 Januari 2013
cHAPTER 7 : STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION-DATABASES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1)Describe the two primary methods for integrating information across multiple databases?
-Have two primary methods firstly, backward integration. It takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes. Secondly, forward integration. It takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and process.
2)Describe the benefits of a data-driven Web site?
-Data-driven website have more advantages. Data-driven give more advantages from development,content management,future expandability,minimizing human error,cutting production and update costs,more efficent and lastly improved stability.
3)Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model?
1)Describe the two primary methods for integrating information across multiple databases?
-Have two primary methods firstly, backward integration. It takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes. Secondly, forward integration. It takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and process.
2)Describe the benefits of a data-driven Web site?
-Data-driven website have more advantages. Data-driven give more advantages from development,content management,future expandability,minimizing human error,cutting production and update costs,more efficent and lastly improved stability.
3)Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model?
-The relational database model stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.Entities, attributes, primary keys, and foreign keys are all
fundamental concepts included in the relational database
model.
4)Evaluate the advantages of the relational database
model?
-The advantages of the relational database model including increased flexibility,increased scability and performance,reduced information redundancy,increased information integrity (quality) and lastly increased information security.
5)Compare operational integrity constraints and business-critical
integrity constraints?
-Operational integrity constraints are
rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based
constraints.
Business-critical integrity constraints are rules that enforce
business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more
insight and knowledge than operational integrity constraints
Rabu, 16 Januari 2013
CHAPTER 5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
-Employees across the organization must work closely together to develop strategic initiatives that create competitive advantages. Understanding the basic structure of a typical IT department including titles, roles, and responsibilities will help an organization build a cohesive enterprisewide team.
FIVE DIFFERENT ITEM
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO):
-Responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology.
-Responsible to ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.
-CIO often reports directly to the CEO.
-CIO must possess a solid and detailed understanding of every aspect of an organization.
-Broad functions of CIO include manager, leader, and communicator.
CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER (CTO):
-Responsible for ensuring the throughoutput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of an organization's information technology.
-Similar with CIO, its because CIO take on the additional responsibility for effectiveness of ensuring that aligned with the organization's strategic initiatives.
-CTO responsibility for ensuring the efficiency of IT systems throughout the organization.
-CTO possess well-rounded knowledge of all aspects of IT systems through networked computers.
CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO):
-Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguard against attacks from hackers and viruses.
-Role of a CSO has been elevated in recent years because of the number of attacks from hackers and viruses.
-CSO possess detailed knowledge of networks and telecommunications because hackers and viruses usually find their way into IT systems through networked computers.
CHIEF PRIVACY OFFICER (CPO):
-Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization.
-CPO are the newest senior executive position in IT.
-Many CPO are lawyer training, enabling them to understand the often complex legal issues surrounding the use of information.
CHIEF KNOWLEDGE OFFICER (CKO):
-Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge.
-CKO design programs systems that make easy people to reuse knowledge.
-CKO system create repositories of organizational documents, methodologies, tools, and practices, and they establish methods for filtering the information.
-Employees across the organization must work closely together to develop strategic initiatives that create competitive advantages. Understanding the basic structure of a typical IT department including titles, roles, and responsibilities will help an organization build a cohesive enterprisewide team.
FIVE DIFFERENT ITEM
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO):
-Responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology.
-Responsible to ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.
-CIO often reports directly to the CEO.
-CIO must possess a solid and detailed understanding of every aspect of an organization.
-Broad functions of CIO include manager, leader, and communicator.
-Responsible for ensuring the throughoutput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of an organization's information technology.
-Similar with CIO, its because CIO take on the additional responsibility for effectiveness of ensuring that aligned with the organization's strategic initiatives.
-CTO responsibility for ensuring the efficiency of IT systems throughout the organization.
-CTO possess well-rounded knowledge of all aspects of IT systems through networked computers.
CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO):
-Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguard against attacks from hackers and viruses.
-Role of a CSO has been elevated in recent years because of the number of attacks from hackers and viruses.
-CSO possess detailed knowledge of networks and telecommunications because hackers and viruses usually find their way into IT systems through networked computers.
CHIEF PRIVACY OFFICER (CPO):
-Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization.
-CPO are the newest senior executive position in IT.
-Many CPO are lawyer training, enabling them to understand the often complex legal issues surrounding the use of information.
CHIEF KNOWLEDGE OFFICER (CKO):
-Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge.
-CKO design programs systems that make easy people to reuse knowledge.
-CKO system create repositories of organizational documents, methodologies, tools, and practices, and they establish methods for filtering the information.
Langgan:
Catatan (Atom)